Enhancing cryptographic protection, authentication, and authorization in cellular networks: a comprehensive research study

This research article provides an extensive analysis of novel methods of cryptographic protection as well as advancements in authentication and authorization techniques within cellular networks. The aim is to explore recent literature and identify effective authentication and authorization methods, including high-speed data encryption. The significance of this study lies in the growing need for enhanced data security in scientific research. Therefore, the focus is on identifying suitable authentication and authorization schemes, including blockchain-based approaches for distributed mobile cloud computing. The research methodology includes observation, comparison, and abstraction, allowing for a comprehensive examination of advanced encryption schemes and algorithms. Topics covered in this article include multi-factor authentication, continuous authentication, identity-based cryptography for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, secure blockchain-based authentication for fog computing, internet of things (IoT) device mutual authentication, authentication for wireless sensor networks based on blockchain, new secure authentication schemes for standard wireless telecommunications networks, and the security aspects of 4G and 5G cellular networks. Additionally, in the paper a differentiated authentication mechanism for heterogeneous 6G networks blockchain-based is discussed. The findings presented in this article hold practical value for organizations involved in scientific research and information security, particularly in encryption and protection of sensitive data

Application of Sentinel-1 SAR Data for Detecting a Nuclear Test Location in North Korea

Sentinel-1 C-band radar data were applied for the first time to determine a nuclear test, its underground H-bomb explosion location and the affected zone in North Korea on September 3, 2017. The nuclear test location was found according to line-of-sight displacement images via its maximum value. In this research, three scenes of Sentinel-1B data acquired in descending orbits, one after and two before the event (the nuclear test date), were used to detect the nuclear test location. The nuclear test location was found northeast of the Punggye-ri nuclear test site (8 km) with the following geographic coordinates: 41°11′1.85″N, 129°13′28.86″E. It was revealed that only a pair of Sentinel-1В radar scenes from August 17 and September 10 have been successfully applied to detect nuclear test zones